Ann Petry’s Short Story Like a Winding Sheet Essay

Ann Petry’s Short Story Like a Winding Sheet In Ann Petry’s 1945 short story Like a Winding Sheet,. Johnson is a black male struggling with racism and societal pressures. Johnson faces many challenges. As one reads, one cannot help but feel his anger, frustration and tenseness. Petry tells it in the following way, quot;The knowledge that he had struck her seeped through him slowly and he was appalled but he couldn’t drag his hands away from her face.quot; Petry goes on further to tell us, quot;He had lost all control over his hands.quot; This rage Johnson is experiencing is described as a quot;winding sheetquot;. Johnson’s everyday routine causes anger and frustration to build up inside him. Get up, go to work and come†¦show more content†¦Walking steadily up and down the aisles pushing a cart day after day watching the women bicker among themselves seemed to make him tense. Johnson complains to his boss that his legs ache from being on them all day and he is not able to get enough rest to make his legs feel better. The hustle and bustle of trying to catch a long subway ride home was almost unbearable. As Johnson’s character develops throughout this short story, some key events push him to his limit and cause him to lose control. First, an incident with his white female boss, his so-called quot;foreladyquot;, in which she called him a quot;niggerquot;. Second, Johnson is standing in line for a cup of coffee. As soon as he is at the coffee urn to receive a cup of coffee the white waitress says, quot;No more coffee for awhile.quot; Third, Johnson arrives at home and his wife Mae has the radio turned up extremely loud. She is obnoxiously chewing her gum and accuses Johnson of picking on her. Further, she yells at him for sitting in his chair and wrinkling her overalls lying over the back of the chair. Giggly, she goes on further saying, quot;You’re nothing but an old hungry nigger trying to act tough and†¦.quot; This is enough to drive him to his limit and strike Mae uncontrollably. Johnson’s struggle with his job and society makes it easy for him to blame racism, when in fact, these event may not have anything to do with him being black. I believe Johnson does not know how to deal withShow MoreRelatedLike a Winding Sheet1467 Words   |  6 PagesOften times in literature, it is common for people to view different articles, novels, and short stories in a perspective that is common to us. What we sometimes fail to do in this analysis of literature is look at issues going on in the story, characters, or the major theme from a different perspective or angle in order to fully understand how many different groups would view the same literature being analyzed. By expanding our thought process and entertaining these different viewpoints, our own

Childhood Obesity An Adult Condition - 917 Words

In the past, obesity was thought of as an adult condition; however, in the past ten years childhood obesity has increased at alarming rates. World Health Organization, defines obesity as â€Å"excessive fat accumulation that may impair health† and is related to conditions such as type two diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and psychological impairments (Rabbitt Coyne, 2012, p. 731). For the nurse to be successful in any family nursing position, she or he will need to understand the concepts of family nursing which are based on three foundational components including how the family is defined, the components of family health, and the elements of a healthy family (Kaakinen, 2010, p. 4). Family nurse’ take on various roles; however, primary school-aged childhood obesity has emphasized the need for family nurses to act as advocates of healthy living, educators for health literacy and collaborators in health accessibility. As an advocate, educator, and collaborator, the nurs e can face barriers such as overcoming societal norms and patient sensitivity, negative parental role influences, and limited resources. However, the nurse can be effective by implementing interventions such as the use of motivational interventions (MI), and by collaborating care with the family’s community. Societal norms have changed, which reflects changing personal beliefs regarding the ideals of healthy weights. According to Steele et al. (2011), society has seen an â€Å"increased in sedentary behaviour,Show MoreRelatedChildhood Obesity : An Epidemic1036 Words   |  5 PagesAbout Childhood Obesity Childhood obesity is an epidemic in U.S. In the year of 2012, about â€Å"one third of children and adolescents were overweight or obese.† Also, percentages of childhood obesity have increased by over ten percent in the last thirty years in children and adolescents (Childhood Obesity Facts 2015). These statistics are shocking, and many people are concerned for the health of their children. This medical condition, as defined by Mayo Clinic, leads to serious health conditions in theRead MoreObesity Is The Type Of Disease That Is Infectious1248 Words   |  5 PagesObesity may not be the type of disease that is infectious. However, it has reached heights of epidemic proportions and poses a public health challenge, not only in Australia but globally. This disease has attained substantial awareness as a major health hazard and can be defined as an unhealthy excess of body fat at which can lead to an increased risk of medical illnesses and also may result in mortality, (Kitzinger Karle, 2013). Since the 1980’s the prevalence of obesity has almost tripled andRead MoreEffects Of Obesity On Children Health1139 Words   |  5 PagesEffects of Obesity on Children Health Obesity is a serious medical and psychological condition that affects children, adult, and elderly people. According to WHO, People who are above the normal weight for their age and height are called obese. Childhood obesity has been problem in developed as well as in developing countries. As Cause, it is accepted that increase in obesity results from an imbalance between abnormal intake of unhealthy food and drink and also unable to burn calorie. There is increasingRead MoreChildhood Obesity : A Growing Problem Essay1047 Words   |  5 Pagesinformation on Childhood Obesity. I intend to first plainly explain a clear definition of what Childhood Obesity is. Next I plan on explaining some possible reasons why children develop obesity. I also want to give clear consequences and life struggles that may be associated with a child who is obese. I also want to discuss long term effects of this disease on the individual as well as society. Finally, I would like to discuss some possible tre atments associated with curing obesity in children asRead MoreObesity : Obesity And Obesity1334 Words   |  6 PagesHealth Factors Related to Obesity in Adolescence Childhood obesity is a worldwide epidemic that has increased dramatically over the past few years. There are many reasons this could be and research shows that as cultures are developing kids are spending more time indoors than being active outside. Technology is becoming so advanced that people are now able to play sports right from the comfort of his or her living room couch. Although these technological advancements are quite outstanding and hasRead MoreA Child s Silent Killer1266 Words   |  6 Pagesthreatening condition is sweeping over the U.S. today. This ailment can cause numerous types of cancer and is drastically increasing in incidence. The individuals affected are our children and adolescents. No this â€Å"disease† is not untreatable, it is not contagious and there is no chemo involved yet it continues to grow. Why? When asked to present a problem and a solution, what bigger a problem and easier a solution than the underrated concern of childhood obesity in the United States. Childhood obesityRead MoreChildhood Obesity in the US1046 Words   |  4 PagesChildhood Obesity Research Proposal Introduction Obesity has reached epidemic proportions in the United States and other developed economies. Over the past 30 years, the prevalence of obesity among children and adolescents in the U.S. has increased at an alarming rate, from 5-7% to 18-20% by 2008 (CDC, 2012). In addition, a full one third of all children in the U.S. are now overweight. This obesity epidemic has been blamed on the consumption of too many calories appropriate for an increasinglyRead More Childhood Obesity Essay955 Words   |  4 PagesSchools need to work to promote healthy exercise habits and (with the help of local communities) be able to provide the necessary equipment to help adolescents get a healthy amount of physical activity. (American Obesity Association) Lack of exercise isn’t the root cause of childhood obesity however it is, in fact, only half of the cause. The other cause is the consumption of high calorie foods. Adolescents today consume many high sugar, high calorie, low nutrition snacks. In many cases these snacksRead MoreSchools Should Implement Programs Tailored to Prevent Childhood Obesity796 Words   |  4 Pages This essay exposes the adverse consequences of childhood obesity on the overall prosperity of the country, elucidating the urgent requirement of prevention programs in schools. Childhood obesity is one of the most alarming public health challenges of the 21st century(World health organisation.(2012). Obesity according to Bruce-Keller et al.(2009) is ‘a physiological condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to an extent that it can negatively affect health’. Over 90% of children in AustraliaRead MoreObesity : Obesity And Obesity798 Words   |  4 Pages Obesity Close to over one-third of adults living in the United States are obese (Diet and Obesity). Unfortunately, one third of children in the United States are also obese or overweight. Obesity has grown throughout the United States and has led to major health problem and can even be fatal. About 365,000 or more people die every year due to obesity. With numbers increasing obesity should be furthered examined to help prevent these conditions in Americans. The government

Discussion/ Technology and Operations Management Free Essays

International Project management is very essential to control resource usage to ensure quality productions. International projects involve many people with different cultures and backgrounds. It is therefore necessary to have management system that harmonizes the cultural, social, political and economic differences amongst them. We will write a custom essay sample on Discussion/ Technology and Operations Management or any similar topic only for you Order Now Project manager should be tactical and wise in decision making to ensure every project member is well catered for and maximum utilization of the resources is achieved to meet project objectives (Kwak, 2002). Development of an international project management plan in workplace International project development environments are affected with many factors originating from within and outside the development environments by nature. International project development plan may be affected by cultural, social, political and economic factors and so the management plan should consider all these factors (Kwak, 2002). The international project management plan should consider all possible physical factors in the countries involved for mitigation. In addition, the laws and regulations governing different countries should be considered to ensure political stability. With the political factors solved, there will be improved returns on investments due to reduction in risks resulting from uncertainties in the international project development environment. In any business, there has to be legal requirements to be met. An international project development management system has to meet all the legal requires in terms of government policies and regulations. These factors may affect prices, exchange rates in the markets, taxations and even financial management systems. This may lead to some people losing their jobs and others incurring losses in the business. As a business right, political factors should be well managed to ensure market stability for the market users (Kwak, 2002). Cultural factors such as style or values should be considered when developing an international project development management system. Since some countries are not aware of the some cultural resources in other countries, assistance should be provided to facilitate the international projects development process. Cultural value should be put into consideration when designing the management system. When planning for an international project management system, technological factors should be put in to consideration. This is because technological designs and level of use vary from country to country (Kwak, 2002). This may lead to varied participation levels in a project and so a project manager should consider the variation to successfully manage a project. Employing project management techniques to skillfully and ethically lead complex international projects in organizations Project management is a technique through which projects can be evaluated to encourage soft skills application in contrast with the hard skills to achieve the project goals. Soft skills are mostly based on the technical resources required to carryout a project such as stakeholders’ contributions, collaboration or teamwork, organizational behaviors and management strategies (Marques, 2005). According to Harold (2005), for a successful project management in an organization, skillful and ethical techniques for a success in a complex or large organization are as follows. First, there has to be process integrations in the organizations. Integration of processes involves forming teamwork or collaborations in a project to ensure every member’s requirements are catered for in the product design. In addition, teamwork ensures success because of improved participation amongst members. Second, incorporation of cultural values at the design stages of a management system. Incorporation of the cultural values in multicultural organization will ensure equitable presentation of all members rights and therefore not to lower their dignity or abuse their rights (Harold, 2005). Third, information and support managements, which includes monitoring and assessing the communication systems to capture everyone’s views in terms of comments or suggestions. Forth, trainings should be provided to all members of an organization particularly in technology use to enable them to embrace technology use. In many occasions, management well trained employees in an organization are highly empowered and they participate fully in all areas within the organization to improve productivity. Fifth, behavioral excellence that involves instilling ethical values to the employees. Employees have to know their rights and how to protect them in the organization. Management system should provide fro a way in which petitions in the working environment can be solved fairly to create unity and harmony amongst workers (Harold, 2005). Diversity cross-cultural perspectives, Team building skills, Decision making in the workplace In a multicultural environment, there has to be change management, which enables new members in the organization to be induced well and successful fit in the new working environment. Decision-making based production methods should be put in to considerations to avoid resource wastages and satisfy all internal requirements in an organization. Lean manufacturing should be adopted to only produce when needed to minimize resource consumption in the organization (Joomla, 2009). In addition to lean manufacturing, project management should be carried out in all projects in an organization. This is to ensure quality performances to continuously improve in productions. Project management will also ensure cost effective use of resources particularly in a large and complex organization. In diverse and multicultural organizations, conflicts are likely to happen due to the cultural and environmental differences. Conflict management system should be availed to provide fair judgments to the organizational members. Teamwork or collaboration should be encouraged to facilitate decision-making and enhance innovativeness (Joomla, 2009). Enhanced decision making and innovativeness will lead to quality production through making good plans for investments. Innovation may also lead to improvements in the supply chain levels. A well-managed supply chain model can be improved through innovation or technology use to eliminate non-value adding processes to production processes. Conclusion Project management is very fundamental in all projects whether in large or small organizations. International project management is just as necessary as the local ones (Marques, 2005). In multicultural organizations, the employees have to be trained on various social, cultural, political and economic factors to ensure uniformity during a joint project. Project managers are required to consider the cultural factors when designing a management structure for all the members to be accommodated and be free to fully participate in the organizational tasks. Reference: Harold, K. (2005). Advanced Project Management best Practices on Implementation, 2nd ed, John Wiley Sons, Hoboken, New Jersey Joomla. (2009). Certification, Innovation, Decision Making, Project Management, Team Building, Conflict Management: Certification Programs for Educational and Business Organizations Standards or Courses Custom Designed for your Organization. Joomla. Viewed on 13th June 2009, Available at http://endeavourprojects.com/Joomla Kwak, Y. H. (2002). Critical Success Factors in International Development Project Management. Viewed on 13th June 2009. Available at http://home.gwu.edu/~kwak/Kwak_CIB65_2002.pdf Marques, G. M. (2005). Discussion of the distinguishing features of Project Management in the 21st Century. Viewed on 13th June 2009. Available at http://www.caaei.org/anexos/65.doc How to cite Discussion/ Technology and Operations Management, Essays Discussion/ Technology and Operations management Free Essays Customization is here to stay and has become part of us. An achievement begins with strategies that know what to modify instead of only dealing with difficulties in management. The Working together of both the operations and marketing departments improves results (Orlando, 2007). We will write a custom essay sample on Discussion/ Technology and Operations management or any similar topic only for you Order Now According to Booz Company (2008) lack of coordination by the marketing department and project management in doing some particular activities sets prices too high. This in turn affects the performance of customization strategies. Relationship between project management and marketing management The o relationship between project management and marketing management is the objectives need to be the same. Marketing’s main objective is to meet the demand and supply of consumers without thinking of prices. The project manager is supposed to find a way to minimize these costs. (Booz Company, 2008). They need to come to some level of agreement in terms of setting objectives so that they set specific objectives that reduces costs and keeps consumers satisfied. The other relationship between marketers and operations is cutting costs and satisfying consumers’ needs. There seems to be a conflict between project management and marketing department. Instead of cooperating with each other, they are at loggerheads. Marketing wants many varieties to choose from while operations want to make those changes at low costs. The other relationship between the two departments is that they are reimbursed differently. Marketing revolves around unit sales while project management main concern is about reducing manufacturing cost. Project managers and marketers do not have the same interests. This factor can strain there relationship between them. Project managers are technicians and doers. While marketers do not deal with specific issues (Booz Company, 2008). Other relationship that they share between them is reduction of costs. When project managers, cut down costs and do not consult marketers’ then that becomes a problem. Relevance of project management in the work force Project management and marketing management are important to each other and there is need for harmonization for the two when working together. One department cannot do without the other, they are essential to each other (Booz company,2008). The operations person assumes that, the sales people do not appreciate the cost factors while the sales people assume that the operations people do not appreciate that consumers are everything (Booz company, 2008). There is need for a truce because in the event that they do not consult with each other it can bring to much variety of goods or cause costs to escalate (Booz company, 2008). Another importance is the involvement of top leadership in encouraging dialogue between the two departments. In addition, there needs to be a meeting where both, project management and marketing department discuss about strategies to create teams that are cross -functional. The relevance of finding a common ground to discuss these issues is of great importance as it attributes to actions that solely base on costing analysis (Booz Company, 2008). What is apparent is what choices are made and when to make them. The importance is to know the main objective of your organization’s purpose, as this will boost productions as well as marketing productivity. Appreciating both the real price and worth of the goods is important (Booze Company, 2008). Organizations should centre there attention on customer understanding and set customizable elements into specific packages as an alternative of giving thousands of variations (Booze Company, 2008). Incorporating strategic partners is essential in investigating costs productions (Orlando, 2007). Conclusion It is therefore apparent that project management helps in reducing cost productions, in the case of Egol, Booz company, (2008) remembers a situation where he modified nearly all the machinery in trying to please the consumers wants because they had specific requirements. If consumers are overwhelmed with goods to buy, they get so confused until they do not but at all. If here was an operational management they would have stopped the over indulgence. Reference Booz Company. (2008).The challenge of customization: Bringing Operations and Marketing together the global commercial consulting firm. Retrieved on 22nd July 2009. Available at http://www.strategy-business.com/press/sbkw2/sbkwarticle/sbkw040616?tid=230pg= Orlando, F. S. (2007). Centered collaboration2007, Retrieved on 22nd   July 2009. Available at http://www.gmaonline.org/events/2007/isld/presentations/overcomingc.pdf. How to cite Discussion/ Technology and Operations management, Essays

Income Management for Policy Analysis- myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theIncome Management for Policy Analysis. Answer: According to Mendes (2013), income management policy can be specified as a policy in accordance with which a percentage of welfare payments are to be expended only on the goods which were categorized as priority quality such as clothing, education, food, housing and health care. Provisions were available for both class of people; the one who wanted to manage their income voluntarily and the one situations of child neglect and situation where children of welfare recipients are not having admission in school. The two main objective of income management policy were: Being assured that all the funds which were provided for welfare of student were actually expended in that way. to curtail the flow of cash which was being spend on betting and substance abuse The main problem with the policy of income management was that no substantive evidence could be recognized regarding the attainment of significant change with the key policy along with the behavior of people. As per Mendes, Waugh and Flynn (2013), due to same reason the efficiency of policy were not able to be ascertained. Even no evidence regarding the change in expenditure of food and alcohol was available. The mixed reviews from people and data which were available were the reason due to which no single opinion regarding the policy can be created. However, it was reported by many of the people that management of money has became easier as well as improved. But no evidence relating same can be assessed for overall improvement as no significant change in financial harassment as well as improvement in financial management skills can be assessed. On the other hand report regarding worsening the financial condition due to issues such as alcohol, betting and drugs were also submitted by the people. A slight improvement in the condition of running out money in case of voluntary money management was assessed but no significant change in compulsory income management was assessed. It could be evaluated from above discussion that rather than building management skills and independent, the policy of income management has made people more dependent on the welfare system. According to the words of Mendes, Waugh and Flynn (2014), the reason behind the same was that people were following the policy without judging the same in appropriate manner. They were assured that if they follow the policy the income is managed in best possible way and were stressed out if the things do not work even after following the policy sincerely. The aim of developing assumptions is to understand the policy better by evaluating the unexamined assumptions. These assumptions are conceptual logics which are deep seated within the implicit problem representations. Once the problem is identified, all the underlying assumptions and presuppositions are to be identified and evaluated. As per the words of Lovell (2016), the main assumption taken in this regard is in the area of social disadvantage attached to income management. This focus of developing assumptions means concentrating attention to the various type of knowledge that strengthen the public policies related to income such as premises based on psychological or biomedical factors like developing a wide conception of governing that influence the judgement of experts and professionals in the field of income management. Income management exclusively attempts to concentrate on some aspects that are cultural or behavioral and are also connected to social disadvantage; the social disadvantage attached to income management is limiting access income generated from harmful products by promoting choices and behaviours that are socially responsible. This can also be initiated in other ways that tend to address the location aspects of disadvantage. In this sense, it aims to share elements that are in common with various current research regarding poverty and disadvantage. Some basic assumptions in this regard are as follows- New Paternalism The management of income is drawn most directly on the approach of new paternalism to the welfare income policy. According to the views of Klein (2016), under this approach, the ruling governments is viewed as an active participant in re-shaping behaviour of its citizens, in particular, of those citizens who are supportive income recipients and are especially disadvantaged. Such paternalist policy often includes secured supervision by the government of the lives of people are poor and have become dependent on income support. This approach denotes a shift in focus from helping the poor by income support and various other welfare services. These assumptions control patterns of behaviour amongst people in regarding their own interests. Capabilities of people This assumptions assumes that the extent that income management is supported by education regarding financial literacy and savings incentives. The capabilities approach emphasizes that poverty should be viewed as capability-deprivation. According to this assumption, the freedom in human, results when they have capabilities to make choices on how to live their life. Absence of this freedom requires not only the provision of income but also formulating policies that are aimed at identifying a wide range of barriers of freedom. Assumption of locations This assumption related to the location where the income management is most needed. As per the views of Dee (2016), many recent researches have suggested that there are wide range of indicators of disadvantage like huge unemployment, low income, poor housing facilities, and poor health of people, low educational level, weak social connectedness and many criminal convictions. All these indicators are restricted to relatively small number of geographical locations. This concentration of social disadvantages persists over extended duration of time and possibly become worse as time passes. Developing support for managing income involves some basic assumptions regarding the need to address variables other than the income adequacy factor for the purpose of overcoming social disadvantage that is implicitly connected with income. The reasons which influence the need of development of policy comprise the existence of social problem as well as increase in social harmful behavior after consumption of alcohol and drugs. The theory behind the policy The formation of income management policy could be more appropriately assessed if the same is connected with the main objectives for whose attainment it has been developed. The main objective of income management policy has been specified above. They mainly emphasized on decreasing the amount available for gambling, drugs and alcohol, reducing the hardship faced by people through directing welfare payments to the priority needs of recipients as well as any other dependents; decrease in amount of welfare payment subject to percentile of harassment and abuse with the available welfare payments. The government was having aim of developing stability in the lives of people. According to the opinion of Parsons and et.al (2017), the same was necessarily required to resolve the social problem faced by people. It was a belief of government that restricting the spending relating to socially harmful products will result into decreasing rate of socially harmful behaviors. Another assumption which was behind the development of income management policy was that people required to be address the factors which are necessary for overcoming social disadvantage. Attempt to address behavioral aspects A belief existed that income management policy will explicitly attempt to make learn people relating to behavioral or cultural aspects. The same would be relating to social disadvantage through decrease the rate of spending available for harmful products. It was expected that the same would lead to promote socially responsible choices and behaviours. The formation of this policy was required to reconstruct the existing citizen behavior; specifically to those who are specifically disadvantaged. Need of new approach The formation of policy was required for transmitting the behavior and attitude from parents to children in providing explanation relating to intergenerational welfare reliance and poverty more generally. The main objective behind same was to develop trust upon the welfare system. Income management was required to be supported by education, financial literacy and other common element to take appropriate decision relating to spending of available income. As per the opinion of Montalban (2016), the belief that availability of policy relating to income management will provide the same advantage to general public and the same leads to its formation. Technically, the factor of sameness contradict the differences and diversity that exists between people who are disabled. However, this sameness requires them to realize that others are same as the able-bodied. In contrast with this, difference, is seen as providing scope for identifying the differences that exists in people with disability along with their disadvantaged position and providing them with special or redistributive treatment that will be based on providing equal access to income. However, this kind of redistributive treatment is complex because reinforcing these differences of disabled people from the able-bodied norm is a problematic task. Both the factors- sameness and difference treat disabled with special policies. With this policy, the power to transform disability into power and privilege will be lost. Although both sameness and difference are loaded with problems, they become useful lens for analyzing and understanding the PCW category and their evolvement and go vernance. This policy can be used for suggesting that PCW people were previously governed through difference, and now being governed through sameness as a result of the Welfare in the Work reforms. In accordance with Rowley, Lawn and Coveney (2015), this means that like the other unemployed, people with PCW have to search and maintain their employment and sustain the obligations of their contract. They will be subjected to penalty if any failure occurs in this regard. It is also argued, that sameness sometimes fails to deliver equality to PCW people as it sustains the rights and duties of able-body ones as the standard through which people are regulated in NSA. This implies that current systems of privileged people and those of disadvantaged ones are ignored. This also neglects the needs of needs of people with a PCW as they differ in various senses from the able bodied norm and the structural barriers of these peoples experience in relation to employment, continue to be unaddressed. There are not sufficient scholarships on the mechanical income management of people with a PCW under the measures of New Income Management, specifically under the measure of long-term payment of re cipient. This problem emphasizes the importance of evaluating policy intersections and their connections with governance. The author of the book WPR- Bacchi suggests that policies are generally situated within a network of related policies and are needed to be considered as part of analysis. In recognition of this, the researcher of the income management will have to analyse various policy documents in this regard for understanding the people with PCW and their governance in modern reforms. They also have to analyse the income support system for such people along with their relation to changes that occur in the system of disability care and support. This analysis comprises of the SSOLA (Social Security and Other Legislation Amendment) and Welfare Reform and Reinstatement of the Racial Discrimination Act (RDA) Act 2010, which are basic legislations of New Income Management reforms. This trend which is focused on moving more people with disability into employment through various welfare reforms has become more consistent with time (Fisher and et.al, 2015). Recently, the budget measures of 2014-15 of the government of Federal Abbott Liberal National Coalition proclaimed many further changes to the employment eligibility of DSP. In accordance with the words of Corr and Carey (2017), these changes comprise of compulsory activities which are work-oriented on DSP recipients who are 35 years and under and have a capacity to work at least 8 hours/week. Silences in income management policy Income management policy restricts the spending of money on alcohol, drugs and betting but did not emphasize the manner in which it affects the society. Even though no appropriate evidence regarding the success of application of policy is attained; no effective measures have been taken to ascertain the reason behind the same. The emphasis on financial harassment is made but silence regarding harassment exists in the policy. Assessment of other reasons which encourage spending of non-social activities should be ascertained so that efficient control on this spending can be made. No specification regarding these issues has been provided in the policy regarding the same. Thus, the same has affected the effective implementation of the policy. Moreover, no provision relating assessment or checking is available in policy regarding its effective application (Arden, Manathunga and Bottrell, 2017). Due to same reason it cannot be ascertained whether any significant change due to same has occur red or not. As the policy is implemented as an operational process by tailoring the program as per the needs of individual; but has not emphasized all the variants which affects the society. In accordance with the views of Lancaster, Seear and Treloar (2015), this policy is not restricted to all the individuals as the voluntary scheme is also available. As mixed report regarding the results of effectiveness of policy exists it could not be assessed that whether success has been attained in same or not. The main emphasis has been made on the manner in which people could deal with the daily issues of managing money expenditure and decrease the rate of expenditure of non-social or harmful spending. However, no emphasis has been made on other indirect variants which affect the income management. Different approach to the problem The other outcomes which have been analyzed after assessing the income management policies are that the policy had not build independence as well individual capability of managing income. Thus, the specified aspect requires to be focused in order to enable people manage the available funds with them in more appropriate manner. A fact which cannot be denied that policy has made life of many people easier through relieving them with the methods of managing funds. It was accepted by most of the people that managing funds has become easier with the acceptance of provision of polices (van Toorn and Dowse, 2016). Another approach which is required to be assessed regarding this policy is that emphasis has been made on management of income but the other variants which indirectly affect it were not accessed. The policy should be provided along with assistance regarding managing the funds so that public could know the reason behind provision of the policy. This will make people independent and will allow them to make decision relating to their income in more appropriate manner. Moreover, they will not just follow the provision but will be able to assess the reason behind the same. The prospective of amending the manner of thinking of people is also required to be reconstructed in order to attain the objective of the policy. In accordance with the opinion of Pereira (2014), it will allow people to assess the manner of spending and restrict expenditure relating to non-social activities. Appropriate importance to morality nature should also be provided so that people could be encourage to not to spe nd on activities such as alcohol, betting etc. Other variants which are required to be assessed are focusing on individual financial management capacity. References Books and journals Arden, M., Manathunga, C. and Bottrell, D., 2017. Identity Construction Through Australian University Student Mobility Program.Student Culture and Identity in Higher Education, p.1. Corr, L. and Carey, G., 2017. Investigating the institutional norms and values of the Productivity Commission: The 2011 and 2015 childcare inquiries.Australian Journal of Public Administration,76(2), pp.147-159. Dee, M., 2013. Welfare surveillance, income management and new paternalism in Australia.Surveillance Society,11(3), p.272. Fisher, M., Baum, F., MacDougall, C., Newman, L. and McDermott, D., 2015. A qualitative methodological framework to assess uptake of evidence on social determinants of health in health policy.Evidence Policy: A Journal of Research, Debate and Practice,11(4), pp.491-507. Klein, E., 2016. Neoliberal subjectivities and the behavioural focus on income management.Australian Journal of Social Issues,51(4), pp.503-523. Lancaster, K., Seear, K. and Treloar, C., 2015. Laws prohibiting peer distribution of injecting equipment in Australia: A critical analysis of their effects.International Journal of Drug Policy,26(12), pp.1198-1206. Lovell, M.E., 2016. The normalisation of income management in Australia: analysis of the parliamentary debates of 2007 and 200910.Australian Journal of Social Issues,51(4), pp.433-448. Mendes, P., 2013. Compulsory income management: a critical examination of the emergence of conditional welfare in Australia.Australian Social Work,66(4), pp.495-510. Mendes, P., Waugh, J. and Flynn, C., 2013. A community development critique of compulsory income management in Australia. Mendes, P., Waugh, J. and Flynn, C., 2014. Income management in Australia: A critical examination of the evidence.International Journal of Social Welfare,23(4), pp.362-372. Montalban, M., 2017. A critical analysis of the Australian Defence Force policy on maternal health care.Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health. Parsons, K., Katz, I., Macvean, M., Spada-Rinaldis, S. and Shackleton, F., 2016. Alternatives to Income Management. Pereira, R.B., 2014. Using critical policy analysis in occupational science research: exploring Bacchi's methodology.Journal of Occupational Science,21(4), pp.389-402. Rowley, D., Lawn, S.J. and Coveney, J.D., 2015. Two heads are better than one: Australian tobacco control experts. van Toorn, G. and Dowse, L., 2016. Policy claims and problem frames: a cross-case comparison of evidence-based policy in an Australian context.Evidence Policy: A Journal of Research, Debate and Practice,12(1), pp.9-24.

Heart Of Darkness By Conrad Essays (1202 words) - Congo Free State

Heart Of Darkness By Conrad In Heart of Darkness it is the white invaders for instance, who are, almost without exception, embodiments of blindness, selfishness, and cruelty; and even in the cognitive domain, where such positive phrases as "to enlighten," for instance, are conventionally opposed to negative ones such as "to be in the dark," the traditional expectations are reversed. In Kurtz's painting, as we have seen, "the effect of the torch light on the face was sinister" (Watt 332). Ian Watt, author of "Impressionism and Symbolism in Heart of Darkness," discusses about the destruction set upon the Congo by Europeans. The destruction set upon the Congo by Europeans led to the cry of Kurtz's last words, "The horror! The horror!" The horror in Heart of Darkness has been critiqued to represent different aspects of situations in the book. However, Kurtz's last words "The horror! The horror!" refer, to me, to magnify only three major aspects. The horror magnifies Kurtz not being able to restrain himself, the colonizers' greed, and Europe's darkness. Kurtz comes to the Congo with noble intentions. He thought that each ivory station should stand like a beacon light, offering a better way of life to the natives. He was considered to be a "universal genius": he was an orator, writer, poet, musician, artist, politician, ivory producer, and chief agent of the ivory company's Inner Station. yet, he was also a "hollow man," a man without basic integrity or any sense of social responsibility. "Kurtz issues the feeble cry, 'The horror! The horror!' and the man of vision, of poetry, the 'emissary of pity, and science, and progress' is gone. The jungle closes' round" (Labrasca 290). Kurtz being cut off from civilization reveals his dark side. Once he entered within his "heart of darkness" he was shielded from the light. Kurtz turned into a thief, murderer, raider, persecutor, and to climax all of his other shady practices, he allows himself to be worshipped as a god. E. N. Dorall, author of "Conrad and Coppola: Different Centers of Darkness," explains Kurtz's loss of his identity. Daring to face the consequences of his nature, he loses his identity; unable to be totally beast and never able to be fully human, he alternates between trying to return to the jungle and recalling in grotesque terms his former idealism. Kurtz discovered, A voice! A voice! It rang deep to the very last. It survived his strength to hide in the magnificent folds of eloquence the barren darkness of his heart.... But both the diabolic love and the unearthly hate of the mysteries it had penetrated fought for the possession of that soul satiated with primitive emotions, avid of lying, fame, of sham distinction, of all the appearances of success and power. Inevitably Kurtz collapses, his last words epitomizing his experience, The horror! The horror! (Dorall 306). The horror to Kurtz is about self realization; about the mistakes he committed while in Africa. The colonizers' cruelty towards the natives and their lust for ivory also is spotlighted in Kurtz's horror. The white men who came to the Congo professing to bring progress and light to "darkest Africa" have themselves been deprived of the sanctions of their European social orders. The supposed purpose of the colonizers' traveling into Africa was to civilize the natives. Instead the Europeans took the natives' land away from them by force. They burned their towns, stole their property, and enslaved them. "Enveloping the horror of Kurtz is the Congo Free State of Leopold II, totally corrupt though to all appearances established to last for a long time" (Dorall 309). The conditions described in Heart of Darkness reflect the horror of Kurtz's words: the chain gangs, the grove of death, the payment in brass rods, the cannibalism and the human skulls on the fence posts. Africans bound with thongs that contracted in the rain and cut to the bone, had their swollen hands beaten with rifle butts until they fell off. Chained slaves were forced to drink the white man's defecation, hands and feet were chopped off for their rings, men were lined up behind each other and shot with one cartridge, wounded prisoners were eaten by maggots till they died and were then thrown to starving dogs or devoured by cannibal tribes (Meyers 100). The colonizers enslaved the natives to do their biding; the cruelty practiced on the black workers were of the white man's mad and greedy rush for ivory. "The unredeemable horror in the tale is the duplicity, cruelty, and venality of Europeans officialdom" (Levenson 401). Civilization is

Pricing Strategy; Payless Essay Example

Pricing Strategy; Payless Essay Example Pricing Strategy; Payless Paper Pricing Strategy; Payless Paper Chapter 11 Pricing Strategies Questions for Discussion 1. Which of the different product mix pricing strategies discussed in the text applies best to Payless’s new strategy? : The strategy for setting a product’s price changes when the product is the part of a product mix. Firms are look for a prices that maximizes the profits on the total product mix. There are five product mix pricing strategies for the firms. Product line pricing, optional-product pricing, captive-product pricing, by-product pricing and product bundle pricing. In this case, Payless used product line pricing strategy. A product line pricing strategy is a strategy in which the management sets the price steps between various products in a product line based on cost differences between the products, customer evaluation of different features and competitors prices. Payless used to have only limited lines of shoes and began to lose their customers. However, the company hired to CEO, Matt Rubel and he started to redesign the Payless. He changed the image of Payless, dusty dungeon of cheap footwear into the fun, and fashionable footwear. Therefore, Payless succeed to attract some new customers. 2. How do concept such as psychological pricing and reference pricing apply to the Payless strategy? In what ways does Payless’s strategy deviate from these concepts? : A pricing approach that considers the psychology of prices and not simply the economics; the price is used to say something about the product. For example, $19. 99 or $9. 99 sort of â€Å"odd prices† that can round of by one last digit number. With the new line and new strategy, Payless increase the price of their products. However, if the suddenly change their price by increasing a lot, customers would not feel comfortable and they wouldn’t like it at all. So, they can use this kind of strategy of Psychological pricing so still increasing of prices but make their customers comfortable. 3. Discuss the benefits and risks of the new Payless strategy for both Payless and the designers. Which of these two strands to lost the most? : Payless redesign their logo and launched a new store format, ‘Fashion Lab’ and ‘Hot Zone’. So they changed their image as more fashionable and trendy from cheap dusty dungeon footwear. Payless now are making the store more open, light, and airy. This strategy attracted new customers and it has been successful. However, because of these advertisement in magazines and new retails launchings, increasing of the prices of products get necessary. So, they have some risks to lose their old customer who enjoyed their cheap/affordable footwear. Another risk for the designer is that they will be loses their job or has bad reputations if Payless fail in the market with their new strategy. Since, designers work in Payless for fulltime job. 4. Consider the scale on which Payless operates. How much of a price increase does Payless need to achieve in order to make this venture worthwhile? In this case, Payless should consider the company expenses, competitor and cost inflation. Opening of new stores and advertisements cost money. Therefore, Payless need to increase the price to cover the increasing expenses. Payless also have to consider their competitor products. If they increase to much compare to their competitors, they might lose some customers so always have to keep on eyes on competitors products. Also, Payless can use consumer’s reference prices to set the price. They increase product’s quality and design so customers should to find out the differences of products changes.

Dream vacation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Dream vacation - Essay Example Whenever I would get a chance to visit Italy I won't miss a single museum. However my family is planning to visit my aunt in Italy in the next summer vacations, if so, I would plan every single hour of my vacations to enjoy the utmost. Churches and national shrines hold significance, as they are the primary concern for tourist attraction. The works of famous sculptors and painters like Leonardo Di Vinci, Michelangelo and Filippo Brunelleschi can be found in Tuscany, one of the most beautiful tourist destinations in the world. (VacationIdea, 2006) I have often heard about the great Tower of Pisa, which is famous for its five degrees tiltness amazing most of the tourists. My curiosity lead me to investigate the reason of being tilted and then I got to know that it was just a coincidence that the tower got tilted as one side of the ground was soft and so the tower leaned one side. That coincidence became the center of attraction for majority of the tourists around the world. The most exotic art and architecture to which I would prefer to visit Rome is the Roman Colosseum built in 80 A.D for gladiator fights. I am quite inspired by such fights and wish if I had to be among one of them, what had been the consequences. Visiting Fontana Di Trevi is my heart most desire which I would fulfill in the next summer vacations. ... The reason for this is nothing particular except for the nature and greenery that island possesses. Another greener place to explore is the Cinque Terre, a place for hiking in the Northwest of Rome, enriched with botanicals of lemon orchards; I wonder I would be lost in the beauty of Rome. Rome also possesses one of my interests, a museum renowned for keeping the latest stylish and the most antique cars, Galleria Ferrari. This museum tells us all about the Romans history, people, importance of cars in Roman history and the modern Roman approach. Ranging from the sports car to modern luxury car this museum enjoys an auditorium, ground floor and first floor for the visitors all around the world. I wonder about the prices of the cars, must be expensive enough to deem to buy. Roman Forum is also a historical place to visit, as it used to be the main center of preaching religion of ancient Romans. The Forum consists of other monumental places like the Temple of Saturn, the House of the Vestals, Arch of Septimus Severus and Faustina and the Arch of Titus. After Rome, the first place to visit in Paris in my hit list is Eiffel Tower. This antique and valuable identity of Paris, well known for being the tallest building in the world serves as the main source of tourist attraction. According to my knowledge the tower comprises of three huge floors, whenever I think of spending vacations in Paris I assume myself being on the top of the floor where to enjoy the scenic view of observing the whole Paris would be like a dream turning to reality. What knowledge I have come across, tells that Paris "The City of Lights" is renowned for its monumental buildings. After Eiffel Tower comes the Arc de Triomphe. The Arc de Triomphe and its

Napoleon as a Child of the Enlightenment and the First Modern Dictator Research Paper

Napoleon as a Child of the Enlightenment and the First Modern Dictator - Research Paper Example This was an indication of his devotion to the enli. With scholastic and scientific advancements came the so called â€Å"opening of great minds†. Shortly after the advent of enlightenment, the revolution and civil war broke out in France from 1879 to 1899. This period required a strong leader and Napoleon’s leaning towards enlightenment’s principal-called the minds of the French, middle class (Posner 12). He displayed this in his policies and attitudes, resulting from his enlightened social reform agenda and religious ideas. Enlightenment taught principles of religious tolerance via the lessening of God and religion in everyday life. Napoleon was able to isolate himself from the devout and use religion for the furthering of his goals and political ideas. For example, he took the religion of the lands that he conquered. In France, he was a Catholic, but in Egypt, he took up Islam. It is difficult to reconcile whether Napoleon's political acumen was his source of e nlightenment or whether the enlightenment made him a political strategist (Posner 16). Regardless, Napoleon is considered a despot of the enlightenment. Though by today’s standards, Napoleon’s ideals, such as a puppet parliament and clergy would seem unenlightened, the 18th-century enlightenment despot was one able to introduce rational thought and reform while ignoring the minority. Napoleon’s most interesting enlightened social reform involved the institution of a law system that treated the citizens as individuals, without recognition of social class. Napoleon also instituted enlightenment principled reforms in the education sector by promoting scholarships for those with scholastic promise, as education became increasingly important in the enlightenment world. His enlightenment era actions and ideas led to the codified law system that was embraced all over Europe and continues to influence constitutions all over the world to date. Napoleon was a child of the enlightenment who followed the ideas that the period presented through his strategy and policies. Napoleon can be considered as the first modern dictator. Most dictators usually come to power during war or a state of emergence, just as Napoleon did. As an army general during the French Revolution, France witnessed a period of great political and social upheaval. From 1789, France evolved from being a monarchy to a republic and finally to an empire. In the middle of bloody coups, executions, and confusion, Napoleon rose to the high consul in the provisional government (Woloch 34). Because of his status as an undefeated commander, he enjoyed great popularity. He went on to write the Napoleonic code, which is still the basis for French civil law to this day.  Ã‚  

Relationship of Female Fertility and their Labor Force Participation Essay

Relationship of Female Fertility and their Labor Force Participation - Essay Example Figure1. The Average Years of Education among Women in European Countries. Figure 1 presents an aggregated bar graph with data derived from selected individual countries in Europe. Undeniably, it can be figured out that most women in the Finland, Italy, Norway, Portugal, Spain and UK are investing their time to complete their education. As years go by, more time is consumed by females in their studies or most of them invest in order to earn degree/s. This implies that education have positive impacts to the life of these women, and among the countries presented in the figure, Norway leads in the statistics. Table 2. The Total Fertility Rates among Women (ages 14 and above) during the Period 1960 -1995 in Selected Countries of Europe European Countries 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 Finland 2.71 2.40 1.83 1.69 1.63 1.64 1.78 1.81 Italy 2.41 2.66 2.42 2.21 1.64 1.39 1.26 1.17 Norway 2.85 2.93 2.50 1.99 1.72 1.68 1.93 1.87 Portugal 3.01 3.08 2.76 2.52 2.19 1.74 1.43 1.45 Spain 2.86 2.94 2.84 2.79 2.22 1.63 1.33 1.19 UK 2.69 2.86 2.44 1.81 1.89 1.80 1.83 1.71 The above table provides an idea that the pattern of fertility rates among females if based on the succeeding years in general are significantly declining. The highest rate incurred so far is 3.08 in 1965 and this was experienced by the Portuguese. So far, the lowest fertility rate documented is 1.26 in 1990 and this is manifested by women in Italy. Since it is clearly depicted that fertility lowers as time goes older, then, it is logical to estimate that by the year 2000 and beyond, the fertility rates of European women would be very low.... The above table provides an idea that the pattern of fertility rates among females if based on the succeeding years in general are significantly declining. The highest rate incurred so far is 3.08 in 1965 and this was experienced by the Portuguese. So far, the lowest fertility rate documented is 1.26 in 1990 and this is manifested by women in Italy.   Since it is clearly depicted that fertility lowers as time goes older, then, it is logical to estimate that by the year 2000 and beyond, the fertility rates of European women would be very low.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Munoz-Perez (1989) investigated the countries: Italy, Portugal, Greece, and Spain. The study (Berman, 2007) discovered the role of economic implications and how it affected the aging and shrinking population. Note that from the year 1960 up to 1995, there was dramatic increase in the rates of labor participation among female workforce in the above enumerated European countries. At the end of 1995, the labor participation rate in Europe has reached to about 45-73% far above during 1960.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Whatever statistical record one may scrutinize in Europe, a marked turn down in terms of gender employment gap is perceptible. The said gap has not yet been fully eliminated anywhere, however, in some countries, particularly the Nordics, obtain a very close to a ratio of one-to-one woman to man employment rate (Boeri, 2005). Despite the fact that there is equal opportunity legislation as well as ongoing changes in the countries’ respective social norms, the superior role of women (Boeri, 2005).

Work Of Muhammad Anwar Al Sadat History Essay

Work Of Muhammad Anwar Al Sadat History Essay On the sixth of October 1981, Anwar el Sadat reviewed the troops on the anniversary of the 1973 war. When all of a sudden a vehicle veered out of the marching column, men stormed out throwing hand grenades and firing with machine guns. Many were wounded and eleven dead, among them Anwar Sadat. Those men were uniformed men, which means they belonged to the Egyptian Army. Again this means that the Egyptian President was assassinated by his own army. Thus, many questions occur; who why etc. In order to find the answers, one has to dive into the life, events and history of this distinguished, controversial character, on whose tomb was carved, A man who lived for principles and died for peace. Muhammad Anwar Al Sadat (25december1918-6 October 1981) was the third President of Egypt, serving from 15 October 1970 until his assassination on 6 October 1981. He was a senior member of the free officers group that overthrew the Muhammad Ali Dynasty in the Egyptian Revolution of 1952, a close confidant of Gamal Abdel Nasser, whom he succeeded as President in 1970. He was born on the 25th of December 1918 Mit Abu al-Kum, Egypt. Died on the 6th of October 1981 (aged 63). In his eleven years ruling as president he changed Egypts direction, departing from some of the economic and political principles of Nasserism by reinstituting the multi-party system and launching the Infitah. His leadership in the October war of 1973 and the regaining of Sinai made him an Egyptian hero. His visit to Israel and the eventual Israel-Egypt peace posthumously, but was an act enormously unpopular with the Arab world and Islamists, and resulted in Egypt being expelled from the Arab League. Plotting against British Rule and King Farouk As a schoolboy, Sadat frequently demonstrated against the British, who occupied Egypt at that time. His heroes were all nationalists: Mahatma Gandhi, Adolf Hitler, Ataturk, and Egyptians Saad Zaghlul, Mustafa Kamil, and Mustafa Nahhas. He also admired a peasant martyr from Dinshaway (near Mit Abul Kom) whom the British had executed in 1906. One result of the 1936 treaty which Prime Minister Nahhas signed with the British was the opening of the military academy to lower middle class youths like Sadat and Gamal Abdel Nasser. Sadat graduated from the academy in 1938 and was posted to Manqabad in Upper Egypt. There he first met Nasser, a leader by nature, serious and somewhat aloof. The enthusiastic young officers talked politics, debating the best way to rid their country of the British. In 1939 Sadat entered the Signal Corps. While Nasser was off in the Sudan, Sadat plotted direct action against the British. Occasionally he met with Hassan Al-Banna, the Supreme Guide of the Muslim Brotherhood, a group of religious zealots who wanted to root out Western and secular influences and turn Egypt into a theocracy. Axis forces based in Libya pushed into Egypt in 1941, hoping to seize the vital Suez Canal. In the following year the British arrested Sadat for plotting with two German spies who were living in a Nile houseboat and trying to send information to Rommels army. Escaping from jail in October 1944, Sadat hid out until the end of the war which made it safe for him to resurface. He then participated in an unsuccessful attempt on the life of former Prime Minister Nahhas, who had cooperated with the British during the war. Sadats role in the killing of Amin Osman, an Anglophile politician, landed him back in jail in January 1946. Sadats friendship with King Farouks private doctor linked him to the Iron Guard, a secret palace organization which struck at the kings enemies. The trial of Sadat and others in the Amin Osman case was overshadowed by the outbreak of the 1948 Arab-Israeli war. The principal defendant escaped; Sadat and the others were acquitted and released. After dabbling in business schemes for a year or two Sadat won reinstatement in the army. He reestablished contact with Nassers circle, which were now calling themselves Free Officers and planning to overthrow the corrupt and inept government. The riots of January 1952 destroyed foreign-owned businesses throughout Cairo and completed the publics disillusionment with the king and the old politicians. Nasser summoned Sadat to Cairo from his post in Sinai on the evening of July 22, 1952. But finding no further message from his chief, Sadat took his family to the movies and nearly missed the coup. However, it was Sadat who broadcast the news of the coup to the public on the morning of July 23. King Farouk was sent into exile and Brigadier Mohamed Naguib served as the Free Officers front man until Nasser broke with him and put him under house arrest in 1954. The posts Sadat held during the Nasser years were not quite at the center of power. He edited the regimes newspaper, al-Gumhuriya. He served as secretary-general of the Islamic Congress and of the National Union, the forerunner of the Arab Socialist Union and Egypts only political party. During the 1960s he was speaker of the National Assembly. Sadat, along with Field Marshall Abdel Hakim Amer, bears much of the responsibility for Egypts disastrous involvement in the Yemeni civil war (1962-1967). Then Egypts defeat by Israel in the 1967 Six-Day War nearly destroyed Nassers regime. Aware of his ill-health and of plots against him, Nasser named Sadat vice president at the end of 1969. Nicknamed Major Yes-Yes for his acquiesces to Nassers wishes; Sadat had outlasted most of the other Free Officers who might have inherited the presidency. During Nassers presidency During the presidency of Gamal Abdel Nasser, Sadat war appointed Minister of State in 1954. In 1959, he assumed the position of Secretary to the National Union. Sadat was the president of the National Assembly (1960-1968) and then vice president and member of the presidential Council in 1964. He was reappointed as vice president again in December 1969. Presidency After Nassers death in 1970, Sadat succeeded him as President, but it was widely considered that this presidency would be shortly lived. Viewing him as having been little more than a puppet of the former President, Nassers supporters in government settled on Sadat as someone they could easily manipulate. Nassers supporters were well satisfied for six months until Sadat instituted the Corrective Revolution and purged Egypt of most of its other leaders and other elements of the Nasser era. In 1971, Sadat endorsed in a letter the peace proposals of UN negotiator Gunnar Jarring which seemed to lead to a full peace with Israel on the basis of Israels withdrawal to its pre-war borders. This peace initiative failed as neither the United States nor Israel accepted the terms discussed then. Sadat likely perceived that Israels desire to negotiate was directly correlated to how much of a military threat they perceived from Egypt, which after the Six-Day war of 1967, was at an all time low. Israel also viewed the most substantial part of the Egyptian threat as the presence of soviet equipment and personnel (in thousands at this time). It was for those reasons that Sadat expelled the Soviet military advisers from Egypt and proceeds to whip his army into shape for a renewed confrontation with Israel. 6th October War On the sixth of October, 1973 the shattering, unexpected news broke and spread all over the world. A war was launched by the Egyptian army against the Israelis putting an end to the latter occupation of some Egyptian and Syrian lands. The long-awaited victory was achieved. Bar Lev line was devastated, and the legend of the invincible Israeli army was dispelled. Using petrol as a weapon was for the first time declared in this war by King Faisal, the king of Saudi Arabia. This bold, decisive and wise action had indirect tremendous effects on that war, as it was an ingenious way of forcing the leaders of many (if not all) countries to change their over supportive policy towards Israel. The glorious triumph of Egypt and Syria following the 1973 war, restored dignity throughout Egypt and the Arab World, and for years Sadat was known as the hero of the crossing. Without faith you might just as well commit suicide. Those words were stated by Sadat reflecting his belief in God and himself wh ich are weapons no non-believer can fight. Besides, self confidence is the last thing Anwar Sadat lacked. Being announced by that faith and confidence, Sadat became the first Arab leader to visit Israel and speak before the Knesset in Jerusalem seeking a permanent peace settlement. The Egyptian-Israeli Peace Treaty The Camp David Accords between Israel and Egypt in 1978 led to a negotiated peace between those two nations signed in Washington DC on March 26, 1979, the first between Israel and any of its Arab neighbors. Israel had a consistent policy since its founding in 1948 that called for direct, one-to-one negotiations as the method of resolving disputes with the Arab countries, but until Sadat brought Egypt to the table no Arab country had been willing to even talk to Israel. Sadat and Begin shared the 1978 Nobel Peace Prize for their historic agreements. However, the initiative was far from universally popular in other Arab countries or even Sadats own country, Egypt. Other Arab nations, and especially the Palestinians, saw Egypts agreement with Israel as a stab in the back, leaving them weaker and with less bargaining leverage against Israel. Without Egypt, the united Arab front had no credibility. Sadat became isolated in the Arab world and increasingly unpopular at home, conditions that finally led to his assassination in 1981. Since the signing of the treaty, Egypt has stood by its commitments, even after President Sadat was assassinated by Muslim extremists. The Israel-Egypt peace pact was denounced by all other Arab states and no further progress was made toward an end the Israel-Arab conflict until the Madrid Conference in 1991. Unpopularity and conspiracy theories The last years of Sadats reign were marked by turmoil and there were several allegations of corruption against him and his family. In January 1977, a series of Bread Riots protested Sadats economic liberalization and specifically a government decree lifting price controls on basic necessities like bread. 120 buses and hundreds of buildings burned in Cairo alone. Dozens of nightclubs on the famous Pyramids Street were sacked by Islamists. Following the riots the government reversed itself and recontrolled prices. Near the end of his presidency, most of Sadats advisors resigned in protest of his internal policies. The deaths of the Defense Minister Ahmed Badawi and 13 senior Egyptian Army officers in a helicopter crash on 6 march 1981 near the Libyan border increased the public anger at Sadat and his policy. C:UsersSaifDesktopnEO_IMG_DSC_7083.jpg Sadats Tomb, with a memorial of the Unknown Soldiers. Islamistis were enraged by Sadats Sinai treaty with Israel, particularly the radical Egyptian Islamic Jihad. According to interviews and information gathered by journalist Lawrence Wright, the group was recruiting military officers and accumulating weapons, waiting for the right moment to a launch a complete overthrow of the existing order in Egypt. Chief strategist of El-Jihad was Aboud el-Zumar, a colonel in the military intelligence whose plan was to kill the main leaders of the country, capture the headquarters of the army and State Security, the telephone exchange building, and of course the radio and television building, where news of the Islamic revolution would then be broadcast, unleashing-he expected- a popular uprising against secular authority all over the country. Assassination and aftermath On 6 October 198, the month after the crackdown, Sadat was assassinated during the annual victory parade in Cairo. A fatwa approving the assassination had been obtained from OmarAbdel-Rahman, a cleric later convicted in the U.S for his role in 1993 World Trade Center bombing. Sadat was protected by four layers of security and the army parade should have been safe due ammunition-seizure rules. However, the officers in charge of that procedure were on hajj to Mecca. As air force Mirage jets flew overhead, distracting crowd, a troop truck halted before the presidential reviewing stand, and a lieutenant strode forward. Sadat stood to receive his salute, whereupon the assassins rose from the truck, throwing grenades and firing assault rifles rounds. The attack lasted about two minutes Photographer Bill Foley captured one of the last shots of a living Sadat. The photograph is titled The Last Smile. The lead assassin Khalid Islambouli shouted Death to pharaoh! as he ran towards the stand and shot Sadat. After he fell to the floor people around Sadat threw chairs on his body to try to protect him from bullets. Eleven others were killed, including the Cuban ambassador, an Omani general and a Coptic Orthodox bishop, and 28 were wounded including James Tully, the Irish minister of defense, and four U.S military liaison officers. Sadat was then rushed to a hospital, but was declared dead within hours. This was the first time in Egyptian History that the h ead of state had been assassinated by an Egyptian citizen. Two of the attackers were killed and the others were arrested by military police on-site. Islambouli was later found guilty and was executed in April 1982. Maybe now, we became able to find sensible answers to the previously mentioned questions; who why etc. In addition, we get to fully understand the words engraved on his tomb and how appropriate they are. He was really a man who lived for principles and died for peace. Quotes Said By Anwar Al Sadat Fear is, I believe, a most effective tool in destroying the soul of an individual and the soul of a people. Many people seek after what they do not possess and are thus enslaved by the very things they want to acquire There is no happiness for people at the expense of other people Love is what we were born with. Fear is what we learned here. You block your dream when you allow your fear to grow bigger than your faith. Russians Can give you arms but only United States can give you a solution.

Hydroygen Renewal Project :: Energy Power

Chevron is one of the world's largest integrated oil companies in the world and is headquartered here in the Bay Area. Chevron is known to be involved in the exploration for, and production of, oil and natural gas, as well as the pipeline transportation of crude oil, natural gas, and natural gas liquids, the refining of crude oil into refined petroleum products, including gasoline, aviation fuel, and other light petroleum products. One of its refineries is also located in the Bay Area. The Richmond Refinery is one of the largest and oldest refineries on the West Coast. Construction of the refinery started according to in 1901, and it was soon bought by Standard Oil (TCFLUI). It covers 2,900 acres, has 5,000 miles of pipelines, and hundreds of large tanks, that can hold up to 15 million barrels of crude, gasoline, jet fuel, diesel, lube oil, wax, and other chemicals produced by the refinery. Most of these operations require intense heat and pressure, requiring 130 megaw atts of power and up to 50 million gallons of cooling water daily (TCFLUI). With a processing capacity of over 350,000 barrels per day, this refinery is among the largest in the United States (TCFLUI). Recently chevron proposed a project plan to the city of Richmond that would upgrade the outdated refinery. The plan is known as the hydrogen renewal project, it would include a power plant replacement which would replace inefficient steam boiler. Hydrogen plant and purity replacement which would replace the outdated high energy used plant with a newer energy efficient plant, along with modifying existing equipment to improve the purity of the hydrogen used by the plant. Some members of the Richmond community are in an uproar about the recently proposed plan claiming that this is far from what the city desires at the moment. Critics of the proposed plan such as an Oakland-based environmental group indict chevron of lying, accusing the company that their plan to switch to refining dirtier, cheaper crude oil that could result in five to fifty times more pollution (cbs5). This would increase releases of mercury, selenium, toxic sulfur compounds, and greenhouse gases. And why would the Chevron switch to refining dirtier, cheaper crude oil? Greg Karras a senior scientist with communities for a Better environment claims â€Å"Because price discounts can exceed $5 per barrel, which , for a refinery Chevron’s size, could lead to be about $400 million per year† (cbs5).