Heart Of Darkness By Conrad Essays (1202 words) - Congo Free State

Heart Of Darkness By Conrad In Heart of Darkness it is the white invaders for instance, who are, almost without exception, embodiments of blindness, selfishness, and cruelty; and even in the cognitive domain, where such positive phrases as "to enlighten," for instance, are conventionally opposed to negative ones such as "to be in the dark," the traditional expectations are reversed. In Kurtz's painting, as we have seen, "the effect of the torch light on the face was sinister" (Watt 332). Ian Watt, author of "Impressionism and Symbolism in Heart of Darkness," discusses about the destruction set upon the Congo by Europeans. The destruction set upon the Congo by Europeans led to the cry of Kurtz's last words, "The horror! The horror!" The horror in Heart of Darkness has been critiqued to represent different aspects of situations in the book. However, Kurtz's last words "The horror! The horror!" refer, to me, to magnify only three major aspects. The horror magnifies Kurtz not being able to restrain himself, the colonizers' greed, and Europe's darkness. Kurtz comes to the Congo with noble intentions. He thought that each ivory station should stand like a beacon light, offering a better way of life to the natives. He was considered to be a "universal genius": he was an orator, writer, poet, musician, artist, politician, ivory producer, and chief agent of the ivory company's Inner Station. yet, he was also a "hollow man," a man without basic integrity or any sense of social responsibility. "Kurtz issues the feeble cry, 'The horror! The horror!' and the man of vision, of poetry, the 'emissary of pity, and science, and progress' is gone. The jungle closes' round" (Labrasca 290). Kurtz being cut off from civilization reveals his dark side. Once he entered within his "heart of darkness" he was shielded from the light. Kurtz turned into a thief, murderer, raider, persecutor, and to climax all of his other shady practices, he allows himself to be worshipped as a god. E. N. Dorall, author of "Conrad and Coppola: Different Centers of Darkness," explains Kurtz's loss of his identity. Daring to face the consequences of his nature, he loses his identity; unable to be totally beast and never able to be fully human, he alternates between trying to return to the jungle and recalling in grotesque terms his former idealism. Kurtz discovered, A voice! A voice! It rang deep to the very last. It survived his strength to hide in the magnificent folds of eloquence the barren darkness of his heart.... But both the diabolic love and the unearthly hate of the mysteries it had penetrated fought for the possession of that soul satiated with primitive emotions, avid of lying, fame, of sham distinction, of all the appearances of success and power. Inevitably Kurtz collapses, his last words epitomizing his experience, The horror! The horror! (Dorall 306). The horror to Kurtz is about self realization; about the mistakes he committed while in Africa. The colonizers' cruelty towards the natives and their lust for ivory also is spotlighted in Kurtz's horror. The white men who came to the Congo professing to bring progress and light to "darkest Africa" have themselves been deprived of the sanctions of their European social orders. The supposed purpose of the colonizers' traveling into Africa was to civilize the natives. Instead the Europeans took the natives' land away from them by force. They burned their towns, stole their property, and enslaved them. "Enveloping the horror of Kurtz is the Congo Free State of Leopold II, totally corrupt though to all appearances established to last for a long time" (Dorall 309). The conditions described in Heart of Darkness reflect the horror of Kurtz's words: the chain gangs, the grove of death, the payment in brass rods, the cannibalism and the human skulls on the fence posts. Africans bound with thongs that contracted in the rain and cut to the bone, had their swollen hands beaten with rifle butts until they fell off. Chained slaves were forced to drink the white man's defecation, hands and feet were chopped off for their rings, men were lined up behind each other and shot with one cartridge, wounded prisoners were eaten by maggots till they died and were then thrown to starving dogs or devoured by cannibal tribes (Meyers 100). The colonizers enslaved the natives to do their biding; the cruelty practiced on the black workers were of the white man's mad and greedy rush for ivory. "The unredeemable horror in the tale is the duplicity, cruelty, and venality of Europeans officialdom" (Levenson 401). Civilization is

Pricing Strategy; Payless Essay Example

Pricing Strategy; Payless Essay Example Pricing Strategy; Payless Paper Pricing Strategy; Payless Paper Chapter 11 Pricing Strategies Questions for Discussion 1. Which of the different product mix pricing strategies discussed in the text applies best to Payless’s new strategy? : The strategy for setting a product’s price changes when the product is the part of a product mix. Firms are look for a prices that maximizes the profits on the total product mix. There are five product mix pricing strategies for the firms. Product line pricing, optional-product pricing, captive-product pricing, by-product pricing and product bundle pricing. In this case, Payless used product line pricing strategy. A product line pricing strategy is a strategy in which the management sets the price steps between various products in a product line based on cost differences between the products, customer evaluation of different features and competitors prices. Payless used to have only limited lines of shoes and began to lose their customers. However, the company hired to CEO, Matt Rubel and he started to redesign the Payless. He changed the image of Payless, dusty dungeon of cheap footwear into the fun, and fashionable footwear. Therefore, Payless succeed to attract some new customers. 2. How do concept such as psychological pricing and reference pricing apply to the Payless strategy? In what ways does Payless’s strategy deviate from these concepts? : A pricing approach that considers the psychology of prices and not simply the economics; the price is used to say something about the product. For example, $19. 99 or $9. 99 sort of â€Å"odd prices† that can round of by one last digit number. With the new line and new strategy, Payless increase the price of their products. However, if the suddenly change their price by increasing a lot, customers would not feel comfortable and they wouldn’t like it at all. So, they can use this kind of strategy of Psychological pricing so still increasing of prices but make their customers comfortable. 3. Discuss the benefits and risks of the new Payless strategy for both Payless and the designers. Which of these two strands to lost the most? : Payless redesign their logo and launched a new store format, ‘Fashion Lab’ and ‘Hot Zone’. So they changed their image as more fashionable and trendy from cheap dusty dungeon footwear. Payless now are making the store more open, light, and airy. This strategy attracted new customers and it has been successful. However, because of these advertisement in magazines and new retails launchings, increasing of the prices of products get necessary. So, they have some risks to lose their old customer who enjoyed their cheap/affordable footwear. Another risk for the designer is that they will be loses their job or has bad reputations if Payless fail in the market with their new strategy. Since, designers work in Payless for fulltime job. 4. Consider the scale on which Payless operates. How much of a price increase does Payless need to achieve in order to make this venture worthwhile? In this case, Payless should consider the company expenses, competitor and cost inflation. Opening of new stores and advertisements cost money. Therefore, Payless need to increase the price to cover the increasing expenses. Payless also have to consider their competitor products. If they increase to much compare to their competitors, they might lose some customers so always have to keep on eyes on competitors products. Also, Payless can use consumer’s reference prices to set the price. They increase product’s quality and design so customers should to find out the differences of products changes.

Dream vacation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Dream vacation - Essay Example Whenever I would get a chance to visit Italy I won't miss a single museum. However my family is planning to visit my aunt in Italy in the next summer vacations, if so, I would plan every single hour of my vacations to enjoy the utmost. Churches and national shrines hold significance, as they are the primary concern for tourist attraction. The works of famous sculptors and painters like Leonardo Di Vinci, Michelangelo and Filippo Brunelleschi can be found in Tuscany, one of the most beautiful tourist destinations in the world. (VacationIdea, 2006) I have often heard about the great Tower of Pisa, which is famous for its five degrees tiltness amazing most of the tourists. My curiosity lead me to investigate the reason of being tilted and then I got to know that it was just a coincidence that the tower got tilted as one side of the ground was soft and so the tower leaned one side. That coincidence became the center of attraction for majority of the tourists around the world. The most exotic art and architecture to which I would prefer to visit Rome is the Roman Colosseum built in 80 A.D for gladiator fights. I am quite inspired by such fights and wish if I had to be among one of them, what had been the consequences. Visiting Fontana Di Trevi is my heart most desire which I would fulfill in the next summer vacations. ... The reason for this is nothing particular except for the nature and greenery that island possesses. Another greener place to explore is the Cinque Terre, a place for hiking in the Northwest of Rome, enriched with botanicals of lemon orchards; I wonder I would be lost in the beauty of Rome. Rome also possesses one of my interests, a museum renowned for keeping the latest stylish and the most antique cars, Galleria Ferrari. This museum tells us all about the Romans history, people, importance of cars in Roman history and the modern Roman approach. Ranging from the sports car to modern luxury car this museum enjoys an auditorium, ground floor and first floor for the visitors all around the world. I wonder about the prices of the cars, must be expensive enough to deem to buy. Roman Forum is also a historical place to visit, as it used to be the main center of preaching religion of ancient Romans. The Forum consists of other monumental places like the Temple of Saturn, the House of the Vestals, Arch of Septimus Severus and Faustina and the Arch of Titus. After Rome, the first place to visit in Paris in my hit list is Eiffel Tower. This antique and valuable identity of Paris, well known for being the tallest building in the world serves as the main source of tourist attraction. According to my knowledge the tower comprises of three huge floors, whenever I think of spending vacations in Paris I assume myself being on the top of the floor where to enjoy the scenic view of observing the whole Paris would be like a dream turning to reality. What knowledge I have come across, tells that Paris "The City of Lights" is renowned for its monumental buildings. After Eiffel Tower comes the Arc de Triomphe. The Arc de Triomphe and its

Napoleon as a Child of the Enlightenment and the First Modern Dictator Research Paper

Napoleon as a Child of the Enlightenment and the First Modern Dictator - Research Paper Example This was an indication of his devotion to the enli. With scholastic and scientific advancements came the so called â€Å"opening of great minds†. Shortly after the advent of enlightenment, the revolution and civil war broke out in France from 1879 to 1899. This period required a strong leader and Napoleon’s leaning towards enlightenment’s principal-called the minds of the French, middle class (Posner 12). He displayed this in his policies and attitudes, resulting from his enlightened social reform agenda and religious ideas. Enlightenment taught principles of religious tolerance via the lessening of God and religion in everyday life. Napoleon was able to isolate himself from the devout and use religion for the furthering of his goals and political ideas. For example, he took the religion of the lands that he conquered. In France, he was a Catholic, but in Egypt, he took up Islam. It is difficult to reconcile whether Napoleon's political acumen was his source of e nlightenment or whether the enlightenment made him a political strategist (Posner 16). Regardless, Napoleon is considered a despot of the enlightenment. Though by today’s standards, Napoleon’s ideals, such as a puppet parliament and clergy would seem unenlightened, the 18th-century enlightenment despot was one able to introduce rational thought and reform while ignoring the minority. Napoleon’s most interesting enlightened social reform involved the institution of a law system that treated the citizens as individuals, without recognition of social class. Napoleon also instituted enlightenment principled reforms in the education sector by promoting scholarships for those with scholastic promise, as education became increasingly important in the enlightenment world. His enlightenment era actions and ideas led to the codified law system that was embraced all over Europe and continues to influence constitutions all over the world to date. Napoleon was a child of the enlightenment who followed the ideas that the period presented through his strategy and policies. Napoleon can be considered as the first modern dictator. Most dictators usually come to power during war or a state of emergence, just as Napoleon did. As an army general during the French Revolution, France witnessed a period of great political and social upheaval. From 1789, France evolved from being a monarchy to a republic and finally to an empire. In the middle of bloody coups, executions, and confusion, Napoleon rose to the high consul in the provisional government (Woloch 34). Because of his status as an undefeated commander, he enjoyed great popularity. He went on to write the Napoleonic code, which is still the basis for French civil law to this day.  Ã‚  

Relationship of Female Fertility and their Labor Force Participation Essay

Relationship of Female Fertility and their Labor Force Participation - Essay Example Figure1. The Average Years of Education among Women in European Countries. Figure 1 presents an aggregated bar graph with data derived from selected individual countries in Europe. Undeniably, it can be figured out that most women in the Finland, Italy, Norway, Portugal, Spain and UK are investing their time to complete their education. As years go by, more time is consumed by females in their studies or most of them invest in order to earn degree/s. This implies that education have positive impacts to the life of these women, and among the countries presented in the figure, Norway leads in the statistics. Table 2. The Total Fertility Rates among Women (ages 14 and above) during the Period 1960 -1995 in Selected Countries of Europe European Countries 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 Finland 2.71 2.40 1.83 1.69 1.63 1.64 1.78 1.81 Italy 2.41 2.66 2.42 2.21 1.64 1.39 1.26 1.17 Norway 2.85 2.93 2.50 1.99 1.72 1.68 1.93 1.87 Portugal 3.01 3.08 2.76 2.52 2.19 1.74 1.43 1.45 Spain 2.86 2.94 2.84 2.79 2.22 1.63 1.33 1.19 UK 2.69 2.86 2.44 1.81 1.89 1.80 1.83 1.71 The above table provides an idea that the pattern of fertility rates among females if based on the succeeding years in general are significantly declining. The highest rate incurred so far is 3.08 in 1965 and this was experienced by the Portuguese. So far, the lowest fertility rate documented is 1.26 in 1990 and this is manifested by women in Italy. Since it is clearly depicted that fertility lowers as time goes older, then, it is logical to estimate that by the year 2000 and beyond, the fertility rates of European women would be very low.... The above table provides an idea that the pattern of fertility rates among females if based on the succeeding years in general are significantly declining. The highest rate incurred so far is 3.08 in 1965 and this was experienced by the Portuguese. So far, the lowest fertility rate documented is 1.26 in 1990 and this is manifested by women in Italy.   Since it is clearly depicted that fertility lowers as time goes older, then, it is logical to estimate that by the year 2000 and beyond, the fertility rates of European women would be very low.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Munoz-Perez (1989) investigated the countries: Italy, Portugal, Greece, and Spain. The study (Berman, 2007) discovered the role of economic implications and how it affected the aging and shrinking population. Note that from the year 1960 up to 1995, there was dramatic increase in the rates of labor participation among female workforce in the above enumerated European countries. At the end of 1995, the labor participation rate in Europe has reached to about 45-73% far above during 1960.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Whatever statistical record one may scrutinize in Europe, a marked turn down in terms of gender employment gap is perceptible. The said gap has not yet been fully eliminated anywhere, however, in some countries, particularly the Nordics, obtain a very close to a ratio of one-to-one woman to man employment rate (Boeri, 2005). Despite the fact that there is equal opportunity legislation as well as ongoing changes in the countries’ respective social norms, the superior role of women (Boeri, 2005).

Work Of Muhammad Anwar Al Sadat History Essay

Work Of Muhammad Anwar Al Sadat History Essay On the sixth of October 1981, Anwar el Sadat reviewed the troops on the anniversary of the 1973 war. When all of a sudden a vehicle veered out of the marching column, men stormed out throwing hand grenades and firing with machine guns. Many were wounded and eleven dead, among them Anwar Sadat. Those men were uniformed men, which means they belonged to the Egyptian Army. Again this means that the Egyptian President was assassinated by his own army. Thus, many questions occur; who why etc. In order to find the answers, one has to dive into the life, events and history of this distinguished, controversial character, on whose tomb was carved, A man who lived for principles and died for peace. Muhammad Anwar Al Sadat (25december1918-6 October 1981) was the third President of Egypt, serving from 15 October 1970 until his assassination on 6 October 1981. He was a senior member of the free officers group that overthrew the Muhammad Ali Dynasty in the Egyptian Revolution of 1952, a close confidant of Gamal Abdel Nasser, whom he succeeded as President in 1970. He was born on the 25th of December 1918 Mit Abu al-Kum, Egypt. Died on the 6th of October 1981 (aged 63). In his eleven years ruling as president he changed Egypts direction, departing from some of the economic and political principles of Nasserism by reinstituting the multi-party system and launching the Infitah. His leadership in the October war of 1973 and the regaining of Sinai made him an Egyptian hero. His visit to Israel and the eventual Israel-Egypt peace posthumously, but was an act enormously unpopular with the Arab world and Islamists, and resulted in Egypt being expelled from the Arab League. Plotting against British Rule and King Farouk As a schoolboy, Sadat frequently demonstrated against the British, who occupied Egypt at that time. His heroes were all nationalists: Mahatma Gandhi, Adolf Hitler, Ataturk, and Egyptians Saad Zaghlul, Mustafa Kamil, and Mustafa Nahhas. He also admired a peasant martyr from Dinshaway (near Mit Abul Kom) whom the British had executed in 1906. One result of the 1936 treaty which Prime Minister Nahhas signed with the British was the opening of the military academy to lower middle class youths like Sadat and Gamal Abdel Nasser. Sadat graduated from the academy in 1938 and was posted to Manqabad in Upper Egypt. There he first met Nasser, a leader by nature, serious and somewhat aloof. The enthusiastic young officers talked politics, debating the best way to rid their country of the British. In 1939 Sadat entered the Signal Corps. While Nasser was off in the Sudan, Sadat plotted direct action against the British. Occasionally he met with Hassan Al-Banna, the Supreme Guide of the Muslim Brotherhood, a group of religious zealots who wanted to root out Western and secular influences and turn Egypt into a theocracy. Axis forces based in Libya pushed into Egypt in 1941, hoping to seize the vital Suez Canal. In the following year the British arrested Sadat for plotting with two German spies who were living in a Nile houseboat and trying to send information to Rommels army. Escaping from jail in October 1944, Sadat hid out until the end of the war which made it safe for him to resurface. He then participated in an unsuccessful attempt on the life of former Prime Minister Nahhas, who had cooperated with the British during the war. Sadats role in the killing of Amin Osman, an Anglophile politician, landed him back in jail in January 1946. Sadats friendship with King Farouks private doctor linked him to the Iron Guard, a secret palace organization which struck at the kings enemies. The trial of Sadat and others in the Amin Osman case was overshadowed by the outbreak of the 1948 Arab-Israeli war. The principal defendant escaped; Sadat and the others were acquitted and released. After dabbling in business schemes for a year or two Sadat won reinstatement in the army. He reestablished contact with Nassers circle, which were now calling themselves Free Officers and planning to overthrow the corrupt and inept government. The riots of January 1952 destroyed foreign-owned businesses throughout Cairo and completed the publics disillusionment with the king and the old politicians. Nasser summoned Sadat to Cairo from his post in Sinai on the evening of July 22, 1952. But finding no further message from his chief, Sadat took his family to the movies and nearly missed the coup. However, it was Sadat who broadcast the news of the coup to the public on the morning of July 23. King Farouk was sent into exile and Brigadier Mohamed Naguib served as the Free Officers front man until Nasser broke with him and put him under house arrest in 1954. The posts Sadat held during the Nasser years were not quite at the center of power. He edited the regimes newspaper, al-Gumhuriya. He served as secretary-general of the Islamic Congress and of the National Union, the forerunner of the Arab Socialist Union and Egypts only political party. During the 1960s he was speaker of the National Assembly. Sadat, along with Field Marshall Abdel Hakim Amer, bears much of the responsibility for Egypts disastrous involvement in the Yemeni civil war (1962-1967). Then Egypts defeat by Israel in the 1967 Six-Day War nearly destroyed Nassers regime. Aware of his ill-health and of plots against him, Nasser named Sadat vice president at the end of 1969. Nicknamed Major Yes-Yes for his acquiesces to Nassers wishes; Sadat had outlasted most of the other Free Officers who might have inherited the presidency. During Nassers presidency During the presidency of Gamal Abdel Nasser, Sadat war appointed Minister of State in 1954. In 1959, he assumed the position of Secretary to the National Union. Sadat was the president of the National Assembly (1960-1968) and then vice president and member of the presidential Council in 1964. He was reappointed as vice president again in December 1969. Presidency After Nassers death in 1970, Sadat succeeded him as President, but it was widely considered that this presidency would be shortly lived. Viewing him as having been little more than a puppet of the former President, Nassers supporters in government settled on Sadat as someone they could easily manipulate. Nassers supporters were well satisfied for six months until Sadat instituted the Corrective Revolution and purged Egypt of most of its other leaders and other elements of the Nasser era. In 1971, Sadat endorsed in a letter the peace proposals of UN negotiator Gunnar Jarring which seemed to lead to a full peace with Israel on the basis of Israels withdrawal to its pre-war borders. This peace initiative failed as neither the United States nor Israel accepted the terms discussed then. Sadat likely perceived that Israels desire to negotiate was directly correlated to how much of a military threat they perceived from Egypt, which after the Six-Day war of 1967, was at an all time low. Israel also viewed the most substantial part of the Egyptian threat as the presence of soviet equipment and personnel (in thousands at this time). It was for those reasons that Sadat expelled the Soviet military advisers from Egypt and proceeds to whip his army into shape for a renewed confrontation with Israel. 6th October War On the sixth of October, 1973 the shattering, unexpected news broke and spread all over the world. A war was launched by the Egyptian army against the Israelis putting an end to the latter occupation of some Egyptian and Syrian lands. The long-awaited victory was achieved. Bar Lev line was devastated, and the legend of the invincible Israeli army was dispelled. Using petrol as a weapon was for the first time declared in this war by King Faisal, the king of Saudi Arabia. This bold, decisive and wise action had indirect tremendous effects on that war, as it was an ingenious way of forcing the leaders of many (if not all) countries to change their over supportive policy towards Israel. The glorious triumph of Egypt and Syria following the 1973 war, restored dignity throughout Egypt and the Arab World, and for years Sadat was known as the hero of the crossing. Without faith you might just as well commit suicide. Those words were stated by Sadat reflecting his belief in God and himself wh ich are weapons no non-believer can fight. Besides, self confidence is the last thing Anwar Sadat lacked. Being announced by that faith and confidence, Sadat became the first Arab leader to visit Israel and speak before the Knesset in Jerusalem seeking a permanent peace settlement. The Egyptian-Israeli Peace Treaty The Camp David Accords between Israel and Egypt in 1978 led to a negotiated peace between those two nations signed in Washington DC on March 26, 1979, the first between Israel and any of its Arab neighbors. Israel had a consistent policy since its founding in 1948 that called for direct, one-to-one negotiations as the method of resolving disputes with the Arab countries, but until Sadat brought Egypt to the table no Arab country had been willing to even talk to Israel. Sadat and Begin shared the 1978 Nobel Peace Prize for their historic agreements. However, the initiative was far from universally popular in other Arab countries or even Sadats own country, Egypt. Other Arab nations, and especially the Palestinians, saw Egypts agreement with Israel as a stab in the back, leaving them weaker and with less bargaining leverage against Israel. Without Egypt, the united Arab front had no credibility. Sadat became isolated in the Arab world and increasingly unpopular at home, conditions that finally led to his assassination in 1981. Since the signing of the treaty, Egypt has stood by its commitments, even after President Sadat was assassinated by Muslim extremists. The Israel-Egypt peace pact was denounced by all other Arab states and no further progress was made toward an end the Israel-Arab conflict until the Madrid Conference in 1991. Unpopularity and conspiracy theories The last years of Sadats reign were marked by turmoil and there were several allegations of corruption against him and his family. In January 1977, a series of Bread Riots protested Sadats economic liberalization and specifically a government decree lifting price controls on basic necessities like bread. 120 buses and hundreds of buildings burned in Cairo alone. Dozens of nightclubs on the famous Pyramids Street were sacked by Islamists. Following the riots the government reversed itself and recontrolled prices. Near the end of his presidency, most of Sadats advisors resigned in protest of his internal policies. The deaths of the Defense Minister Ahmed Badawi and 13 senior Egyptian Army officers in a helicopter crash on 6 march 1981 near the Libyan border increased the public anger at Sadat and his policy. C:UsersSaifDesktopnEO_IMG_DSC_7083.jpg Sadats Tomb, with a memorial of the Unknown Soldiers. Islamistis were enraged by Sadats Sinai treaty with Israel, particularly the radical Egyptian Islamic Jihad. According to interviews and information gathered by journalist Lawrence Wright, the group was recruiting military officers and accumulating weapons, waiting for the right moment to a launch a complete overthrow of the existing order in Egypt. Chief strategist of El-Jihad was Aboud el-Zumar, a colonel in the military intelligence whose plan was to kill the main leaders of the country, capture the headquarters of the army and State Security, the telephone exchange building, and of course the radio and television building, where news of the Islamic revolution would then be broadcast, unleashing-he expected- a popular uprising against secular authority all over the country. Assassination and aftermath On 6 October 198, the month after the crackdown, Sadat was assassinated during the annual victory parade in Cairo. A fatwa approving the assassination had been obtained from OmarAbdel-Rahman, a cleric later convicted in the U.S for his role in 1993 World Trade Center bombing. Sadat was protected by four layers of security and the army parade should have been safe due ammunition-seizure rules. However, the officers in charge of that procedure were on hajj to Mecca. As air force Mirage jets flew overhead, distracting crowd, a troop truck halted before the presidential reviewing stand, and a lieutenant strode forward. Sadat stood to receive his salute, whereupon the assassins rose from the truck, throwing grenades and firing assault rifles rounds. The attack lasted about two minutes Photographer Bill Foley captured one of the last shots of a living Sadat. The photograph is titled The Last Smile. The lead assassin Khalid Islambouli shouted Death to pharaoh! as he ran towards the stand and shot Sadat. After he fell to the floor people around Sadat threw chairs on his body to try to protect him from bullets. Eleven others were killed, including the Cuban ambassador, an Omani general and a Coptic Orthodox bishop, and 28 were wounded including James Tully, the Irish minister of defense, and four U.S military liaison officers. Sadat was then rushed to a hospital, but was declared dead within hours. This was the first time in Egyptian History that the h ead of state had been assassinated by an Egyptian citizen. Two of the attackers were killed and the others were arrested by military police on-site. Islambouli was later found guilty and was executed in April 1982. Maybe now, we became able to find sensible answers to the previously mentioned questions; who why etc. In addition, we get to fully understand the words engraved on his tomb and how appropriate they are. He was really a man who lived for principles and died for peace. Quotes Said By Anwar Al Sadat Fear is, I believe, a most effective tool in destroying the soul of an individual and the soul of a people. Many people seek after what they do not possess and are thus enslaved by the very things they want to acquire There is no happiness for people at the expense of other people Love is what we were born with. Fear is what we learned here. You block your dream when you allow your fear to grow bigger than your faith. Russians Can give you arms but only United States can give you a solution.

Hydroygen Renewal Project :: Energy Power

Chevron is one of the world's largest integrated oil companies in the world and is headquartered here in the Bay Area. Chevron is known to be involved in the exploration for, and production of, oil and natural gas, as well as the pipeline transportation of crude oil, natural gas, and natural gas liquids, the refining of crude oil into refined petroleum products, including gasoline, aviation fuel, and other light petroleum products. One of its refineries is also located in the Bay Area. The Richmond Refinery is one of the largest and oldest refineries on the West Coast. Construction of the refinery started according to in 1901, and it was soon bought by Standard Oil (TCFLUI). It covers 2,900 acres, has 5,000 miles of pipelines, and hundreds of large tanks, that can hold up to 15 million barrels of crude, gasoline, jet fuel, diesel, lube oil, wax, and other chemicals produced by the refinery. Most of these operations require intense heat and pressure, requiring 130 megaw atts of power and up to 50 million gallons of cooling water daily (TCFLUI). With a processing capacity of over 350,000 barrels per day, this refinery is among the largest in the United States (TCFLUI). Recently chevron proposed a project plan to the city of Richmond that would upgrade the outdated refinery. The plan is known as the hydrogen renewal project, it would include a power plant replacement which would replace inefficient steam boiler. Hydrogen plant and purity replacement which would replace the outdated high energy used plant with a newer energy efficient plant, along with modifying existing equipment to improve the purity of the hydrogen used by the plant. Some members of the Richmond community are in an uproar about the recently proposed plan claiming that this is far from what the city desires at the moment. Critics of the proposed plan such as an Oakland-based environmental group indict chevron of lying, accusing the company that their plan to switch to refining dirtier, cheaper crude oil that could result in five to fifty times more pollution (cbs5). This would increase releases of mercury, selenium, toxic sulfur compounds, and greenhouse gases. And why would the Chevron switch to refining dirtier, cheaper crude oil? Greg Karras a senior scientist with communities for a Better environment claims â€Å"Because price discounts can exceed $5 per barrel, which , for a refinery Chevron’s size, could lead to be about $400 million per year† (cbs5).